Ch.24+Sec.2

= __4 Types of Imperial Rule__ (Should be on the Section 1 page since it relates to Section 1) =

**__​Direct Rule-__**
-Direct sure is sending officials and soliders from a country to govern oversea colonies in another country.

example: ~France used direct rule,their goal was to impose French culture on their colonies and turn them into French provinces.(Could resort to military force if their control over a colony was threatened).

**__Indirect rule__**-
- Indirect rule is to govern their colonies by choosing sultans,chiefs,or local ruler. example: ~Britain used indirect rule and encouraged the children of the local ruling class to get an education in Britain.That way they could easily influence westerinzation to the next generation of leaders and continue indirect imperial rule.(could resort to military force if their control over a colony was threatened).


 * Protectorate**-Local rulers have to follow European officals advice regarding missionary and trade agreements.Cost less to run than a colony and did not need a large commitment of military forces.


 * Sphere of Influence**-An area in which outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

example: ~Europeans carved out these spheres in China and elsewhere to prevent conflict among themselves.

= = = = = __ Africa resists Imperialism Ethiopia- __=

**Ethopia-**
had been divided up among a number of rival princes who ruled their own domains.Menelik II modernize his country,hired experts to plan **modern roads and bridges** and set up their own ** western school system **.He imported the ** lastest weapons ** and European officers help ** trained his army **.So,when Itaty invaded Menelik II was prepared.Ethopia was able to ** smash Italian invaders and preserve their indepence. (Also Liberia) **

=__ King Leopold and the scramble of Africa __=

King Leopold hired ** Henry Stanley **,a journalist who trekked into Central Africa to find Dr.Livingstone.Leopold hired Stanley to **explore the Congo River basin** and arrange ** trade treaties with African leaders **. Leopolod publicly spoke of a civilizing mission to carry the light,for men to change from barbarism to a better era.But his true intentions were of ** conquest and profit **.Leopold's activities in the Congo **set of a scramble by other nations** .Soon **Britain,France, and Germany** were pressing rival claims to the region.To aviod bloodshed,European powers met at the **Berlin Conference** ,to disscuss the ownship of lands in Africa.The rush to colonize Africa was on! Europeans carved sections in Africa,** established new borders and frontiers **, completing **disregarding Africa**, which later caused many problems in their realtionship.

Thorough explanation Watch spelling